BECID media literacy expert Inger Klesment has compiled Estonia’s Media Literacy Report from November 2022 to October 2025, providing a comprehensive overview of how media literacy has been developed, coordinated, and implemented in Estonia during a period of intensified information challenges and rapid technological change.
The report was prepared in the framework of the EU Audiovisual Media Services Directive (AVMSD) and maps national policies, institutional responsibilities, educational practices, and civil society initiatives related to media literacy. It offers an evidence-based account of how Estonia approaches media literacy as a key component of democratic resilience and information space security.
Why this report matters?
Between 2022 and 2025, media literacy has become increasingly central to Estonia’s public policy, education system, and broader resilience strategies. The report documents Estonia’s whole-of-society approach, in which state institutions, researchers, educators, media organisations, libraries, and civil society actors work together to support people’s ability to critically understand, evaluate, and engage with media and information.
The report also highlights changes in the information environment, including differences in media use and trust across population groups, and the growing role of social media platforms and emerging technologies. These developments underline the need for continuous monitoring, research, and coordinated action.
Key themes covered in the report
Strategic policy framework: Media literacy is framed as part of democratic sustainability, information security, and societal resilience, supported by national strategies and regulatory obligations.
Institutional cooperation: Coordination between ministries, public agencies, academia, and non-governmental organisations is essential for effective media literacy development.
Education and lifelong learning: Media literacy is integrated into formal education and supported through lifelong learning initiatives, public campaigns, and professional training.
Information environment dynamics: The report outlines patterns of media consumption and trust, emphasising the importance of addressing diverse audiences and linguistic communities.
Relevance for BECID and EDMO
The report provides important context for the work of BECID by documenting the national media literacy ecosystem in which BECID operates. It supports research-based approaches to countering information disorders and strengthening societal resilience in Estonia and the wider Baltic region.
Sharing the report with the European Digital Media Observatory (EDMO) contributes to cross-national knowledge exchange and helps situate Estonia’s experience within broader European media literacy efforts. It also supports comparative analysis and collaboration among researchers, policymakers, and practitioners working on media literacy and information resilience.
You can read the report here: